Social Entrepreneurship, Artificial Intelligence, and Graduate Employability in Morocco: A Systematic Literature Review (PRISMA)

Abstract

Context: Amid structural unemployment among university graduates in Morocco and labor market mismatches, social entrepreneurship emerges as an inclusive alternative for professional integration. However, scientific literature addressing the intersection of AI, social entrepreneurship, and employability remains fragmented, creating a theoretical gap regarding AI's role in institutional voids.

Objective: This paper examines how Moroccan graduate social entrepreneurs leverage Artificial Intelligence to amplify human capital and bridge institutional voids.

Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 protocol. A final corpus of 37 articles from Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cairn.info underwent quality assessment using the CASP checklist (threshold ) followed by sequential thematic coding.

Results: Findings show that AI facilitates entry into social entrepreneurship by democratizing low-cost automation, data analytics, and decision-making. In social enterprises, it enhances hybrid model viability by improving operational efficiency, resource allocation, and scalability, while serving as a complement to human judgment. However, these benefits are constrained by digital literacy gaps, algorithmic biases, unequal data access, and a lack of tailored ethical and regulatory frameworks.

Implications: This study recommends establishing GenAI-backed virtual incubators within universities and aligning public policies (INDH, microfinance) with the "Morocco Digital 2030" strategy.

Classification JEL : O32, L26, J24

Paper type : Theoretical Research