Corruption: improper definition and measurement

Abstract

While globalization has optimized trade and generated the evolution of the international market, it has also opened wide the doors to corruption. Thus, this behavior, as old as human existence, has been able to conquer as much ground as magnitude. Moreover, despite the debates around the theme of corruption at different levels, a consensus on its definition remains out of reach. Indeed, in addition to the polymorphism of the concept, its manifestations vary incessantly according to the people, the objectives, the fields but also the cultures. Numerous attempts have been made to circumvent the term "corruption" and give it a definition that is both relevant and exhaustive. However, despite Heidenheimer's groundbreaking distinction between definitions relating to public opinion or public service or public interest, there seems to be no agreement on the criteria for defining corruption. Between bribes, gifts, grease wheels or other names, corruption remains hidden, taking advantage of its discretionary aspect. It is true that the CPI is universally recognized as a tool for assessing the extent of corruption, but it has been widely criticized. In other words, the CPI does not seem likely to provide reliable measures of perceived corruption. Our objective is to get around the different definitions of the term corruption and its different forms. In this sense, a literature review would be essential to project more clarity on this social phenomenon. In a second step, we will highlight the different indicators that can measure the extent of corruption.

JEL Classification : A10

Paper type : Theoretical Research