Global warming and water security: The role of digital and energy technologies in water management in Morocco

Abstract

Morocco is experiencing a prolonged period of water stress, facing increasing scarcity of potable water and growing pressures on the agricultural and industrial sectors. This conceptual and narrative study analyzes the role of digital and energy technologies in improving water security, identifying their limitations and conditions for appropriation. The context is the Kingdom of Morocco, a semi-arid highly exposed to climate change.

The article is based on a targeted literature review and a critical analysis of existing technological initiatives, including desalination, network digitalization, and smart agriculture.in the short and medium term, Morocco relies on desalination powered by renewable energies, with flagship projects in Dakhla, Jorf Lasfar, Casablanca, Safi and Agadir, aimed at meeting domestic agricultural and industrial needs. The digitalization of water networks and the adoption of smart water technologies enable real-time monitoring, early detection of anomalies, and optimization of consumption. The government also promotes public-private partnerships and encourages private sector participation, illustrated by initiatives such as the OCP group Water program and the deployment of innovative solutions by local startups.

In the long term, Morocco’s strategy aims to position the country as an African hub for sustainable water management, emphasizing ethical innovation and adaptation to local specificities. Despite structural and financial challenges, success depends on citizen engagement, capacity building, and inclusive governance. The study demonstrates how the combination of advanced technologies, energy into a strategic opportunity.

JEL Classification: O13 ; Q20 ; Q40, Q42

Paper type: Applied Research