Work-Life Balance: Terminological Challenges and Proposal for an Integrative Definition

Abstract

This paper provides an in-depth analysis of Work-Life Balance (WLB) by examining its historical evolution, theoretical foundations, and the terminological variations surrounding it. It traces the key stages in the conceptualization of WLB, from the early research of the 1960s, which focused on role conflict, to contemporary approaches that incorporate dimensions such as flexibility, the harmonization of professional and personal responsibilities, and the proactive management of roles.

From a methodological perspective, a qualitative approach was conducted based on 24 definitions drawn from academic literature. These definitions were organized into six distinct historical phases, reflecting major conceptual transformations in relation to socio-economic and organizational developments. A thematic analysis was used to identify recurring conceptual dimensions, particularly role management, the compatibility between spheres, the subjectivity of perceptions, and the influence of organizational policies and technological advancements on conciliation.

The study also highlights a diversified terminology, particularly pronounced in Francophone literature. A thorough analysis supports the choice of the term « Conciliation Travail-Vie », which reflects a dynamic, adaptive, and inclusive approach, aligned with the diversity of individual experiences and the transformations of the contemporary work environment.

Based on this analysis, a generic definition of WLB is proposed, emphasizing its evolving and multidimensional nature. It is defined as a dynamic and personalized process through which an individual seeks to manage their professional and personal responsibilities harmoniously, with the aim of achieving a state of fulfillment and well-being while minimizing role conflicts.

The findings underscore both theoretical and practical implications, particularly regarding public policies, organizational management, and future research directions. The article highlights the necessity of an integrative and contextualized approach, taking into account the diversity of individual situations and the importance of developing tailored measurement tools to better assess the impact of conciliation practices on workers' quality of life.

Classification JEL: J28

Paper type: Theoretical Research