Issues, challenges, and impact of digital transformation: A systematic and bibliometric literature review

Abstract

In a constantly evolving world, marked by the emergence of Industry 4.0 and digital transformation, businesses are facing significant challenges. Each year, new concepts and technologies are introduced, substantially impacting the strategies of companies. Research indicates that digital transformation affects all sectors and organizations, highlighting the extent of its influence on the global economic landscape.

The primary objective of this article is to conduct a systematic review of the literature on digital transformation, shedding light on its impact on businesses while focusing on the specificities of the Moroccan context. To achieve this objective, we have employed a rigorous methodology based on research analysis. This approach allows us to map out various definitions of digital transformation, recurring models, and developments within research trends.

The results of our review underscore the significant impact of digital transformation on the evolution of businesses. We have identified key elements, whether human-related (the "soft" aspects) or technology-related, such as knowledge and leadership, which can either facilitate or hinder digital transformation and influence business growth. Furthermore, our analysis reveals that digital transformation can have both positive and negative repercussions, at the individual, company, and macro levels. We have also assessed existing theories related to digital transformation and performance, identifying current gaps in these areas.

However, it is essential to emphasize that this research provides an in-depth understanding of the impact of digital transformation on businesses, particularly within the Moroccan context, paving the way for practical applications for decision-makers and economic stakeholders. The uniqueness and value of this research lie in the combination of a local perspective (Morocco) with a comprehensive analysis of digital transformation dynamics, thereby offering a solid foundation for future knowledge developments in this field. This approach will contribute to clearly identifying spaces for future knowledge advancements within the scientific community while evaluating the maturity of the institutional framework in the face of new technologies.

Keywords: Digital transformation, organizational change, organizational concepts, Industry 4.0, innovation

JEL Classification: O33, L2

Paper type: Theoretical Research