International Journal of Accounting, Finance, Auditing, Management and Economics

Analysis of the effectiveness of banks' control mechanisms in Benin

Hervé Serge ADJIBADE — Fri, 10 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This article deals with banking governance and aims to analyze the effectiveness of the control mechanisms of banks in Benin, with regard to theories of corporate governance which offer a framework for analyzing the control mechanisms of managers. To this end, we have mobilized, on the one hand, the theories of agency and transaction costs which propose mechanisms to discipline the behavior of managers and, on the other hand, the theory of entrenchments which makes it possible to analyze the effectiveness of these mechanisms. To achieve our objective, we adopted the following methodological choices: our work undertakes verification and explanation process. We therefore find it relevant to adopt a hypothetico-deductive approach. To implement this approach, we chose a quantitative approach. The analysis of the literature allowed us to define and propose an appropriate measurement of the different variables retained as part of this research. We then developed a simultaneous equation model based on the Shrieves and Dahl (1992) model which constitutes the anchor point of numerous empirical works. We chose to use simultaneous equations in order to highlight the simultaneity of effects between the endogenous variables of our model. At the end of our analyzes which made it possible to understand the behavior of banks in Benin, we find that the banking control mechanisms are effective and contribute in a complementary manner to disciplining the behavior of banks in Benin, which results in an improvement in the level of capital and the performance of banks then the reduction of their level of risk. However, our results argue in favor of actions to improve internal governance within Beninese banks in accordance with international prudential recommendations. Furthermore, the chosen analytical framework is based solely on the explanatory power of the shareholder-disciplinary approach to governance, this can be seen as a limitation of this research.

Keywords : Banking governance, prudential regulation, banking supervision

Classification JEL : G28, G38

Paper type : Empirical Research

Social media and consumer impulse buying: A Systematic Review of Literature

Najlae BENMILOUD, Khadija NATEK, Youssef KHATORI, Taoufik ZINAOUI — Fri, 10 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

With the growth of Web 2.0 and the use of Internet communications, social media has become a major influencer of consumer behavior. These platforms have changed significantly how consumers make purchase decisions.

Social media and Web 2.0 technologies have gained immense popularity worldwide, attracting users of all ages. Companies are now exploring these technologies as useful tools for enhancing customer interaction. To achieve this, businesses have been utilizing social media in various scenarios to connect with customers in ways including easing information search, promoting engagement, and optimizing customer purchasing behavior.

Unsurprisingly, the related challenges of social media marketing have drawn the attention of academics and researchers to further the understanding of these phenomena.

The purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between social media usage and consumer impulse buying. Through a systematic review, we aim to present the current state of literature in this field and analyze the extent to which social media platforms can stimulate unplanned purchases.

Using systematic searches of articles published in Scopus, Web of Science, and Springer Link, 64 journal articles were selected for the review. Our findings indicate six research themes: (1) antecedents of impulsive buying on social media, (2) the role of personality traits in impulsive Buying on social media (3) the impact of COVID-19 on impulsive buying and social media use, (4) role of Social Media Influencers, (5) impulsive buying on social commerce platforms and (6) consumer cultural and generational differences. Different research gaps have been identified and future research directions are provided in terms of theory, context, and methodology.

Keywords: Impulsive buying, social media, systematic literature review, consumer behavior.

JEL Classification: M31

Paper type: Theoretical Research

Personal traits of managers and accounting information in decision-making in small and medium-sized enterprises in the city of Goma in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Jacques KAMBALE KAVUTIRWA — Fri, 10 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of accounting is truly achieved when it provides information capable of satisfying the needs of decision-makers and other partners of the company. The ability to satisfy accounting information in decision-making depends on the profile of the business manager. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between the personal traits of managers and accounting information in decision-making within small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the city of Goma, capital of the province of North Kivu located in the east of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Based on the review of the theoretical and empirical literature on the profile of the SME manager and accounting information, the stated hypothesis concerns the link between the personal traits of managers and accounting information in decision-making which would be positive and significant. After processing the data (factorial analysis) on SPSS.23 and STATA.14, interpretation and discussion of the results obtained based on data provided by 400 SME managers via questionnaire survey, the formulated hypothesis was confirmed.

Keywords: Personal traits of leaders; accounting information; decisions; SMEs

JEL Classification: M00, M01, M41, M42

Paper type: Empirical research

Tax aggressiveness in Moroccan family SMES : A moral and ethical approach

Nora ABOUMOUDRIK, Mostapha AFERIAT, Hakima FASLY — Fri, 10 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In recent years, the techniques used by certain companies to reduce their tax burden have been the subject of numerous studies. Although discussions about aggressive tax planning activities and their regulatory responses are often conducted in reference to moral concepts such as "fairness," the philosophical analysis of the ethics of corporate tax aggressiveness remains limited. In particular, the virtue ethics approach that focuses on the agent (and their character) and the execution of specific roles has not been examined in detail. This article examines how moral theories associated with Alasdair MacIntyre's contemporary virtue ethics can be applied to the issue of tax aggressiveness in family businesses and explores the role played by accountants in these activities. It argues, firstly, that MacIntyre's approach provides a more useful philosophical analysis of the issue (compared to utilitarian and deontological approaches, for example), and secondly, that the main stakeholders (accountants) are likely to agree with the key principles of this approach. The article also contributes by reconceptualizing, using MacIntyre's framework, the issue of tax aggressiveness in relation to Donald Cressey's "fraud triangle." In this article, the study of tax aggressiveness was conducted in a family context because family businesses have unique characteristics that distinguish them from other enterprises, and specifically focused on small and medium-sized Moroccan enterprises. Although these businesses are often overlooked in management literature, they play a crucial role in the national economic landscape.

Keywords: Tax aggressiveness, family business, MacIntyre's virtue, fraud triangle, SMEs.

Classification JEL : H26

Paper type: Empirical Research

Theoretical Reflection on Transfer Pricing Policy in Morocco and Its In-depth Comparison with OECD Guidelines

Saida CHAIHAB, Yousra ABKAR — Fri, 10 May 2024 22:08:54 +0000

The expansion of multinational corporations is closely linked to the globalization of economies. This global dynamic encourages companies to explore new opportunities and expand their activities beyond national borders. With the increase in global interconnection of businesses, the importance of having comprehensive and strategic tax policies becomes evident. In this context, the tax policy on transfer pricing plays a crucial role. This policy is specially designed to discourage companies from engaging in the practice of artificially transferring profits from one subsidiary to another, aiming to minimize the company's total tax burden on an international scale. By ensuring that transactions between subsidiaries adhere to the arm's length principle, that is, are conducted under conditions similar to those between independent entities. This policy aims to preserve the integrity of tax systems and prevent tax evasion. Thus, it contributes to a fairer distribution of tax burdens among multinational entities. This article conducts a theoretical reflection on the transfer pricing policy in Morocco and its in-depth comparison with the guidelines of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). It also examines the evolution of Moroccan legislation and the suggested reforms related to transfer pricing policy. The article discusses the traditional and transactional methods used to analyze commercial and financial links between affiliated entities. The article also highlights the challenges and constraints associated with advance transfer pricing agreements, offering a critical perspective on the attempts to align Moroccan regulations with OECD standards. The study reveals that the Moroccan framework for transfer pricing deviates from the OECD recommendations, particularly due to a lack of precise guidelines and the absence of rules for specific situations. However, this policy in Morocco also shows some alignment with the OECD guidelines, notably through the incorporation of the arm's length principle and the establishment of the advance pricing agreement procedure.

Keywords: Tax Policy, Arm's Length Principle, Multinationals, International Taxation, OECD, APA, Morocco.

JEL Classification: F23, H2, G28.

Paper type: Theoretical Research.

Organizational Performance Management: Proposed Balanced Scorecard in the UIZ with Benchmarking Study at Sherbrooke University

Botaina MJIDILA — Fri, 10 May 2024 22:50:27 +0000

The governance of Moroccan universities has undergone a series of transformations in recent years. Indeed, several developments aimed to establish real public performance have affected the entire public sector.However, the ambiguity of objectives and the multitude of stakeholders make it difficult to establish a management system to evaluate the overall performance of the university. The objective of this research is to study existing control systems and contribute to the implementation of techniques that couple the dimensions of performance measurement with the expectations of stakeholders.To achieve this, we conducted a case study research and employed a benchmarking approach between Ibn Zohr University in Agadir and the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec. This was done to finally propose a performance management system using a balanced scorecard (Strategic Dashboard).

After our study, we have developed a Balanced Scorecard (BSC) incorporating performance axes: training, research, innovation and technological transfer, governance, and openness, along with key performance indicators. This is the outcome of our study.

Keywords: management control, University, Balanced scorecard, Governance.

JEL Classification: I31

Type of paper: Empirical research

Sustainable Tourism and Destination Resilience: A Symbiotic Relationship Based on Dynamic Capabilities?

Fri, 10 May 2024 23:12:26 +0000

Although tourism undeniably provides benefits, it also presents potential drawbacks to the socio-cultural and ecological systems and, at times, creates economic vulnerabilities. The current scholarly conversation around sustainable tourism mostly revolves on the consequences of tourist activities and the strategies for extending their viability. The susceptibility of the sector to interruptions and crises over long periods of time highlights the need of resilience in the field of sustainable tourism. In accordance with this viewpoint, the current text aims to define "the durability of sustainable tourism."

The purpose of this study is to explore the interconnections among tourism, sustainability, and resilience. It aims to identify the necessary conditions for sustainable tourism to stimulate economic growth, aligning with the environmental and socio-cultural values of the countries hosting the tourism industry. Additionally, it seeks to develop strategies to address potential crises and disruptions that may pose risks to the sustainability of tourism. This paper provides a critical evaluation of the alignment between these two paradigms and emphasizes the need of implementing a sustainable tourism strategy in tourist destinations. Our inquiry aims to expand the existing body of knowledge and provide new ideas on tourist resilience. We propose a conceptual framework that combines several models based on dynamic capacities.

Keywords: sustainable tourism, Destination Resilience, Dynamic Capabilities

JEL Classification: R11, L83, Q56, O44

Paper type: Theoretical Research